Dimension of Global and Cross-Cultural Business Principles

1.      Dimension of Global and Cross-Cultural Business (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

A.        What is the globalization in the market?

 

Ang globalization in the market ay nagbibigay diin sa kahalagahan ng globally standardized product na advanced, functional, reliable at katanggap tanggap o low ang presyo. Ang global companies ay nakakaachieve ng long term success sa pamamagitan ng concentration sa kung ano ang wants ng bawat consumer kesa sa pag-aalala sa detalye ng kung anong iisipin ng buyers. Wala na yung time na

may accustomed differences sa national or regional preference. Wala na din ang  days kung saan ang company ay maaring magbentang last year’s models—or lesser versions ng advanced products—sa less-developed world or bansa tulad ng Pilipinas. Wala na din ang panahon kung kelan ang prices, margins, and profits abroad were generally higher than kesa sa atin ditto. Dapat tandaan na ang multinational and the global corporation are not the same thing. The multinational corporation operates in a number of countries, and adjusts its products and practices in each—at high relative costs. The global corporation operates with resolute constancy o di natitinag na—at low relative cost—as if the entire world (or major regions of it) were a single entity; it sells the same things in the same way everywhere.

 

B. What is globalization in production?

 

The globalization in production means that the worldo ang mundo ay naging  global village and ngayon ang producers o tagagawa ng produkto can get the benefit from the different culture and cheap labors all around the world so target nito na makamura ang kapitalista at maging mas madali ang access ng produksyon at bentahan. Ngaun ang mga companies nagm move to other parts of the world where they get the product at lost cost, halimabawa america papunta vietnam, indonesia o china o pilipinas like sa callcenter companies kc mura pasuweldo dito o sa mga nabanngit na bansa. May isa pang dahilan para ito  due to the naturalay mangyari yun dahil sa resources the countries have and how much they facilitate o paano pagalawin ang foreign investment to come to their counties and invest their money in those countries. Sa  pagpapanataili ng mga nasabing action ang company can reduce over cost of the production, can produce innovative produce or items and can compete in the market in the better way. Sa igloablization of production nakikita yun katipiran at di nababalewala ang kalidad ng product.

 

Ngayin ang buong scenario has changed the companies who are manufacturing o gumagawa ng kahit anong bagay they are producing thing in different countries likhalimbawa ang Honda na gumagawa ng spare parts sa china, assembling o bumubuo the products sa Pakistan and at tinatrabaho ang designing ng engine sa Japan so the production is distributed into three common places. This term ay lalalong kilala sa tawag na  globalizations of products the things which need high technological knowledge are given to those counties where the people are highly skilled.

 

 

 

 

2.      Financial Management (principle)

 

 

            Ang principle ng financial management ay planning, organizing, directing and controlling ng mga financial activities tulad ng procurement o pagbili ng goods o services mula sa external source at paggamit ng funds o pondo. Binibigyang diin nito ang general management o pangangalaga ng financial resources ng negosyo o kaperaha ng business. Sa financial management, ang three element o scope na dinisdiscus sa kabuuan ay ang investment decisions, financial decisions at dividend decisions. Sa ideya ng investment decisions, dito pumapasok ung tinatawag na capital budgeting o ang investment sa fixed assets. Ang isa pang investment decisions ay ang investment in current assets o ang working capital decisions.  Sa ideya naman ng financial decisions pinahahalagahan ang raising o pagppataas ng finance mula sa ibat’ ibang resources kung saan nakasalalay ito sa sa type ng source, period of financing, cost of financing at sa returns o tubo.  Sa dividend decision naman ang finance manager ay dapat magdecision tungkol sa net profit distribution kung saan ang netong tubo o kita ng dividend ay nahahati sa dalawang uri: dividend for shareholders kung saang ang dividend at ang rate ng dividend ay dapat mapagdecisitunan at ang pangalawa ay ang Retained Profits kung saan ito ay ang amount ng retained profits at dapat mafinalized kung saan ito nakdepende sa expansion at diversification ng plans ng enterprise.

 

Ang functions ng financial management ay estimation of capital requirements o pagsuskat ng kelangang capital, determination of capital compostion o pagaalam ng laman ng capital, choice ng funds sources, investment of funds, disposal of surplus,management of cash at financial controls.

            In business, mahalaga na maintindihan ang cost of capital o halaga ng puhunan at ang ways to raise o mapataas ang capital sa financial market. Ang cost of capital ay pinakaangkop o pinakabagay na basehan sa pageevaluate ng periodic performance ng division o maging ng buong kompanya. Sa madaling salita, ang cost of capital ay ang rate na dapat kitain o maearned sa isang investment lalo na kung ang project ay upang pataasin ang halaga ng common stockholder’s equity.

 

 

3.      Advanced Marketing Management (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

 

A.    Explain STP ( Segmentation, targeting, positioning).

 

Ang STP is damiliar na strategic approach sa Modern  marketing kung saan useful ito sa paglikha ng marketing communications plance lalo na at tinutulungan nito ang marketers na iprioritize proposals o suggestions at tpos magdedevelop ng personalized na mensahe para sa taget audience. Sa segmentation part iggrupo mo ang customers into segments that have common needs na pd mgrespond similarly sa isang marketing action. Pwede kang magsegment base sa demographics halimbawa age, gender, income bracket, o kya pyshcogrphics halimbawa lifestyles, attitudes, etc o kaya behaviour para sa brand preference.After segmenting the market based on the different groups and classes, you will need to choose your targets. No one strategy will suit all consumer groups, so being able to develop specific strategies for your target markets is very important na al;amin ang target. Positioning is developing a product and brand image in the minds of consumers so mahalaga ang kalidad ng produkto at kung paano natin iintroduce ang produkto halimbawa Rolex nakaset cia sa mind na kalidad na relo at para sa mappera kaya sa magsususuot nito mararamdaman nia un status nia.

 

B.     Buying Behavior is based on emotion. Agree or disagree? Site marketing scenario.

 

Yes,. Kc ang tao naman yung dsire nia sa buhay naapektuhan ng emotion nia. Halimbawa kung masaya ka dahil pumasa ka sa board exam malamang bibili ka ng pangtreat mo sa family o barkada. O kaya dahil naramdaman mo uso ang smartphone kya bibili ka. Ang emotion ang nagaangat ng desire natin kaya ito ay namomotivate na magpurchase ng isang bagay na makakapagsatisfy sa atin. Pag broken hearted ka, mas malamang ang kumain ka ng marami o uminom ng maraming alak.Isa pa, if you are experiencing an unpleasant, low arousal state such as boredom you will be more inclined to choose a high arousal product -- maybe a new action-based video game -- because you find your low arousal state unpleasant and would like to change it. If you were to find yourself in an unpleasant high arousal state, such as one of frustration or anxiety pipiliin mo for a low arousal product -- for example an historical documentary -- to try to change your state of arousal. The context specificity of the effect of arousal states on product choice is important to understand as it can be used to help guide ad design and placement based on the environment (for retail scenarios) or the preceding programming (for TV based advertising.) Kaya sa business ang hidden emotional messages are certainly important in advertisements and go hand in hand with another important aspect of marketing: brand icons. Parang nuin dumating si Pope, masya ang mga tao kaya bibili clan g T-shirts n may muka ni pope kc naarouse yong emotion nila.

 

C.     Explain: Customer is the boss.

Customer is the boss kc nga sila ang buhay ng negosyo mo. Ang backbone ng paglago ng business ang dami ng customers na magppatronize sa products mo. Kaya boss cla kc cla huhusga sa kalidad ng serbisyo o ng produkto kung dapat pa ba silang bumalik o hindi na.Kaya bilang boss ng negosyo dapat masatisfy natin cla as business owners.

 

 

D.    Explain: Customer is always alright.

Ibig sabihin nito ang mga side comments ng consumer dapat natin iaccept at magpakahumble tayo. Kelangan natin unawain ang demands nila lalo na at nagbabayad sila. Ang customer ang siyang magpapalago ng negosyo kaya dapat may maayos na customer experience at satisfaction.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.      Organizational Communication (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

 

A.    Framework or model on how to adapt on changes in organization?

 

Ang mga sumusunod ay model sa kung paanong makakaadapt sa changes ng organization

}  The Congruence Model (Nadler and Tushman)

            The Congruence Model ay ayon sa principle that an organization's performance is derived from four elements: tasks, people, structure, and culture. Ipinahihiwatig nito na The higher the congruence, or compatibility, amongst these elements, the greater the performance. For example, if you have brilliant people working for you, but your organization's culture is not a good fit for the way they work, their brilliance will not shine through.

 

}  The Burke-Litwin Model

The Burke & Litwin Model, ay tungkol sa linkages that hypothesize kung paanong ang performance ay affected ng internal and external factors. Nagbibigay ito ng framework upang maassess organizational and environmental dimensions upang maging successful change and it demonstrates how these dimensions should be linked causally to achieve a change in performance.

 

}  The Four Frame (Bolman and Deal) dapat  tandaan ang structural framework, human framework, political framework at symbolic framework.  Halimbawa: Structural Framework – kung saan ang Social architect ay may leadership style na analysis and design – nakatuon o focus sa structure, strategy, environment, implementation, experimentation, and adaptation. Sa ideya naman ng Human Resource Framework - servant ay may leadership style na support, advocate, and empowerment - visible and accessible; they empower, increase participation, support, share information, and move decision making down into the organization. Sa Political Framework – nmakikita ang leadership style na coalition and building – pinapaliwanga ng maayos what they want and what they can get; they assess the distribution of power and interests; they build linkages to other stakeholders; use persuasion first, then use negotiation and coercion only if necessary. Symbolic Framework – nagpapakita ng leadership style is inspiration, view organizations as a stage or theater to play certain roles and give impressions; these leaders use symbols to capture attention; they try to frame experience by providing plausible interpretations of experiences; they discover and communicate a vision.

 

}  Diagnosis by Image (Gareth Morgan)

Sa ideya ng diagnosis by image gumgamit ng metaphor o matalinghangang style upang ibigay sa bwat miyembro sa organization kung anong image and dapat niula Makita sa organization. The central proposition of ‘Images of Organization’ is that all theories of organization and management are based on unspoken metaphor and that metaphors play a contradictory role:They are vital to understanding and highlighting certain aspects of organization. Ibig sabihin kajit di literal sabihin ng kompanya na maging mahusay ka o makalidad dapat gagawin mo parin maging outstanding at quality ang products.

 

 

 

 

 

5.      Organizational Communication (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

 

B.     Framework or model on how to adapt on changes in organization?

 

C.     Please explain each approaches and choose that you may apply with your organization.

 

-          Classical Approach- ang focus ay kung paano matatapos ng maayos ang mga tasks o specific job sa trabaho. Nagpapakita ito ng kahalagahan ng kakayahan ng emplyado para sa trabaho nia o ang bTaylor’s ideas about fitting the job to the individual, particularly in terms of the match between the job and the psychological profile.

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-          Human Relation and Human Resource Approach- nakafocus sa ugnayan ng mga workers sa isang business para measure na may good atmosphere sa workplace. This participative, team approach to management-employee relations recognized that employees can contribute both physical and mental labor.

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-          Cultural Approach- ito ay ang mga shared values na isinasabuhay ng mga empleyado at ng mga tao sa kompanya. Ito ay tungkol sa organization’s distinct o litaw na identity–the shared beliefs, values, behaviors and artifacts that an organization holds, which determine how it functions and adapts to its environment o kung paano makibagay sa kapaligiran.

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-          System Approach- nakafocus sa systems, objectives, set of structures ng business.

Tinitignan nito ang organizations bilang complex o komplikadong organisms competing to survive and thrive in challenging environments. In general systems theory, any system is a group of parts that are arranged in complex ways and which interact with each other through processes to achieve goals

 

-          Critical Approach- nakafocus kung paano maavoid ang anuman uri ng abuse o discrimination sa work.  It takes a critical look at organizations from the perspective of the individual.

 

 

6.      Organizational Development and Human Resource Management (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

 

A.    What are the values of OD Consultant?

 

The practice of OD is grounded in a distinctive set of core values and principles that guide behavior and actions. Values-Based Key Values include:

Respect and Inclusion – equitably values the perspective and opinions of everyone o nagbibigay pansin at pagkakataon sa opinion ng iba.

Collaboration – builds collaborative relationships between the practitioner and the client while encouraging collaboration throughout the client system o paglulunsad ng maayos na pagtutulungan upang matamo ang goals.

Authenticity –  pagiging tapat at fair sa mga clients.

Self-awareness –. Patuloy pa rin ang personal na pag-aaral ng isang OD Consultant para mas mapayabong pa ang kayang kaalaman sa propesyon.

Empowerment –focuses efforts sa pagtulong  in the client organization or community increase their autonomy and empowerment to levels that make the workplace and/or community satisfying and productive.

 

 

B.     OD Skills?

1.      Organizational skills- kakayahan iredesign ang organizational structures para mapaataas ang antas ng paggawa at accountability.

2.      People Skills- nagpapakita ng abilidad na makapagdesign ng systems na nagpapagana ng trust at improve performance ng mga tao sa trabaho.

3.      Direction-setting skills- ang kakayahan na maayos na leadership at pagpapagana ng over-all vision ng company.

4.      Process skills- abilidad ng company na maredesign ang organiozation’s processes upang makapgbigay ng masusukat na improvements.

5.      Ability to explain results of their assessment and recommendations to clients- lalo na sa mga mahilig sa pagbbigay ng criticism.

 

 

7.      Production and Operations Management (principle)

Ito ay nagbibigay diin sa quantitative methods of analysis upang maresolve ang malalaking economic decisions problems sa operations area. Halimbawa ng mga problema ay ang scheduling ng production, pagmmamangae ng complicated na distribution systems, pagpili ng lokasyon for production facilities at pagpapanatili ng kalidad ng physical goods at serbisyo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.      Theories and Principles in Research (principle)

 

QUESTIONS:

 

A.    Metaphor on how the research work.

 

                        Ang metaphor ay isang symbol o image. Sa metaphor ng research gumagana ito sa paraan nakakalikha ng conceptions o categories ng dapat gawin aralin o topic ang isang mag-aaral o researcher. Nakakapagmotivate ito sa isang researcher na bigyan pansin ang isang topic at alamin ang mga bagay na nakakaapekto.

 

B.     Make a topic, research, problem, background, and standard operating procedure.

 

Topic: Investment

Research Problem: Low Investment in the company

Background: Low financing sources

Standard Operating Procedure: Gather Possible investors

 

 

C.     Social Media: Changing the landscape of good governance.

Sa social media mas madali makapagpahayag ng mga opinion kaya maari may transparency o mas madaling kalampagin ang sinuman sa kinauukulan o nasa pamunuan. Dahil ditto mas aasamin ng isang leadership na maging mas reliable dahil imahe nila ang nakataya isang click lang sa social media it can make or break their future.

 

9. Theories, Concepts and Principles of Leadership (principle)

Ang ideya ng Leadership ay isa itong process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more organized and logical. The manager administers; the leader innovates. Ang manager ay nagpapatkabo pero ang leader siyang lumilikha so the manager is a copy; the leader is an original.